The Laptop Computer
A laptop computer is also sometimes called a notebook, and it's a PC for mobile usage. Laptops have all the same major components as desktop computers, such as the display, keyboard, pointer, and speakers, but they are all within a single unit. Laptop computers are powered either with electricity via an AC adapter or a rechargeable battery. Batteries usually can run the laptop for between three and five hours, depending on usage. When the laptop is plugged in the battery charges regardless of whether the computer is running.
Monochromatic CRT-based units developed into the laptops of today. They were originally a niche product, for specialized uses such as military, sales and accounting work. As they became lighter, smaller and cheaper, screens became better, and laptops saw more widespread use. As the personal computer became more practical, ideas for portable PCs followed. The genesis of the laptop was in 1968, when a "portable information manipulator" called the Dynabook was introduced at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay. That was followed by the IBM SCAMP project in 1973, and the IBM 5100 in 1975.
8-bit CPUs became the norm, and the number of portable computers available increased. In 1981, the Epson HX-20 was released; it had an LCD screen, rechargeable battery, and a printer the size of a calculator. Radioshack/Tandy and HP also produced portables during this time period. The first flip laptops appeared soon after, being used by the military and NASA. Subsequent years brought about many of the laptop features we know today, such as the touchpad, pointer and handwriting recognition.
Displays improved in quality as well, reaching VGA resolution in 1988. Color screens were commonplace by 1981, and screen size and resolution increased more, with the 17" laptop making its debut in 2003. Laptops started featuring hard drives in the 1980s, becoming common by 1990. Modern laptops normally have either a CD-ROM or combination CD/DVD-ROM drive. The most modern laptop, by Lenovo, has eye controls, where the user can control the mouse, pointer, and some games via eye movements.